電力行(xing)業碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)精(jing)準計量系統在(zai)江(jiang)蘇省正式(shi)上線。該系統實時(shi)在(zai)線監(jian)測、核算碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)量，實現對火力發電機組生(sheng)產全過程二氧化(hua)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)的精(jing)準“畫(hua)像(xiang)”，為構(gou)建碳(tan)(tan)交(jiao)易市(shi)場打下基礎，助力實現碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和目標。

化石能(neng)源(yuan)消費是碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)的(de)*主要來源(yuan)，電(dian)力行業(ye)是重點(dian)領域之一(yi)。目前(qian)，我(wo)國電(dian)力行業(ye)的(de)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)量約占能(neng)源(yuan)行業(ye)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)量的(de)41%，火力(li)發電(dian)是*主要(yao)的碳排放(fang)源頭(tou)。在火力(li)發電(dian)機組生(sheng)產(chan)運行中，化石燃(ran)料燃(ran)燒、脫硫等關鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)都會產(chan)生(sheng)二氧化碳。

“我們以往主要是(shi)根據消耗的(de)煤來估算碳排放量的(de)。消耗1噸煤約排放2.6噸二氧(yang)化碳。實際上(shang)，受(shou)機組負(fu)荷、燃(ran)(ran)煤組分、燃(ran)(ran)燒效(xiao)率等因素影響，碳排放量是會變化的，估算的誤差較(jiao)大。”江(jiang)蘇新(xin)海發電有(you)限公司環(huan)保專職陳林冉說。

據(ju)中國電機工程學會環保專(zhuan)委(wei)(wei)會主任委(wei)(wei)員朱(zhu)林(lin)介紹，準確的碳計(ji)量(liang)有(you)助于摸清碳排(pai)放的“家底”，制訂更為(wei)科學的減(jian)排降碳(tan)(tan)措施。同時，碳(tan)(tan)排放計(ji)量的實測數(shu)據可以作為(wei)配額依(yi)據，提(ti)高碳(tan)(tan)市場的活躍(yue)度，促進碳(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)早日實現(xian)。

概(gai)述（WBXC-2000蓄電池活化再生(sheng)能源設計精巧，結構簡單）

主機(ji)

主(zhu)機有大夾具（紅、黑(hei)）兩個(ge)，紅（黑(hei)）夾具的接線端均固(gu)定(ding)在面(mian)板(ban)的前方，空氣(qi)開關安裝在面(mian)板(ban)的前方以方便開關的控制(zhi)。

用途（WBXC-2000蓄(xu)電池活化再(zai)生能源設(she)計精巧，結構簡單(dan)）

蓄(xu)電池(chi)活化儀(yi)（以下簡(jian)稱活化儀(yi)），是(shi)一款(kuan)多功能型蓄(xu)電池(chi)維護(hu)(hu)維修檢(jian)測的(de)設(she)備，是(shi)對蓄(xu)電池(chi)進行(xing)日常維護(hu)(hu)不可缺(que)少的(de)好幫手(shou)。設(she)備體積小，方便移(yi)動(dong)操作。在電力(li)、金融、通信、汽(qi)車、地(di)鐵(tie)、大型工廠等(deng)行(xing)業有著(zhu)廣泛的(de)應用。

每年(nian)電池(chi)早(zao)期衰退(tui)導致的(de)(de)性(xing)能下(xia)降(jiang)和劣化，使得(de)大批(pi)量的(de)(de)電池(chi)報廢，帶(dai)來很大的(de)(de)經濟損失(shi)，同時也帶(dai)來了嚴重的(de)(de)環境污染。因此電池(chi)的(de)(de)修復(fu)與活化和電池(chi)的(de)(de)再利用一直(zhi)是(shi)一個熱點話題，尤其(qi)近年(nian)受到了國(guo)家(jia)相關部門(men)的(de)(de)高(gao)度重視。

眾所(suo)周知，在各行各業里，對于(yu)電(dian)源(yuan)保障要求較(jiao)高的系統，都(dou)配有后備電(dian)源(yuan)、UPS等，而蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就是(shi)(shi)其中核(he)心部(bu)分(fen)。這些蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)很大(da)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)(shi)成(cheng)組(zu)使(shi)用，任何單(dan)節電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)老化落后(hou)，都(dou)(dou)會嚴重(zhong)影(ying)響到(dao)整組(zu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)性能，并(bing)很快會使(shi)得整組(zu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中其他單(dan)體變(bian)(bian)壞，進而引(yin)起(qi)整組(zu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)提(ti)前退(tui)出(chu)運行(xing)。就是(shi)(shi)作為單(dan)體使(shi)用的(de)汽車(che)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，大(da)部(bu)分(fen)僅僅因為不能正常(chang)(chang)啟動汽車(che)就全部(bu)被報廢。實際上，對于落后(hou)或者變(bian)(bian)壞的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)活化處理后(hou)，大(da)部(bu)分(fen)都(dou)(dou)可以有(you)(you)效地重(zhong)新激活電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，延長使(shi)用壽(shou)命，在蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)日常(chang)(chang)維護中有(you)(you)著很好的(de)現實意義。

活化儀不僅有(you)對蓄(xu)電池進行的可編程充電/放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循環激(ji)活作用外(wai)，還(huan)有以(yi)下幾種(zhong)獨立的(de)使用方式：電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)活化、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻測試、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)測試。所(suo)有充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)都是(shi)可編程的(de)，同時(shi)帶有電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極性(xing)(xing)柱溫度監測，過(guo)熱自動(dong)停止(zhi)操作。充電(dian)(dian)自動(dong)按照三(san)段式過(guo)程充電(dian)(dian)。這些功能(neng)(neng)完全滿足了日常對于蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)維護的(de)主要需(xu)求。

本設備(bei)可以在線或者(zhe)離(li)線使用，同(tong)時兼容2V，6V(根據客戶(hu)要(yao)求定做)，12V電池。

功能(neng)（WBXC-2000蓄(xu)電池(chi)活化再生能源設計精巧，結構簡單）

電(dian)池充電(dian)

可編程(cheng)對單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，編程(cheng)內容包括：電(dian)(dian)池編號，電(dian)(dian)池類型選(xuan)擇(ze)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，限壓；

充電(dian)方式：自動對蓄電(dian)池按照編程值進行三段式充電(dian)：恒流—恒壓—浮充；

當滿足充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間或是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完成都會停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，顯示(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢。

實(shi)時顯示充電動態過程信(xin)息；

溫(wen)度監測，超出(chu)設定值自(zi)動啟動風(feng)扇進行散熱；

電池放電

可編程對(dui)單體電(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，編程內容包括：電(dian)池編號，電(dian)池類型(xing)選(xuan)擇，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)電(dian)流，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)時間，限壓；

放電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式：恒(heng)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，低(di)于(yu)限壓或是(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間到時停(ting)止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，顯示放電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢；

實時(shi)顯示放電(dian)動態過程信息；

溫度檢測，超出設定值(zhi)自動啟動風扇進行散熱；

電池活化

可編(bian)程對單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行活化(hua)，編(bian)程內容(rong)包括：電(dian)(dian)池(chi)編(bian)號，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型選(xuan)擇，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)限壓（上限），放電(dian)(dian)限壓（下限），充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環次(ci)數，每(mei)個循(xun)環的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間，放電(dian)(dian)時間，放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流；

活化(hua)方式：逐個循環(huan)按照編(bian)程值(zhi)執(zhi)行，放(fang)(fang)電完畢(bi)以低于限壓或(huo)是(shi)放(fang)(fang)電設定(ding)時間到(dao)(dao)自動停止，充電完畢(bi)以充電設定(ding)時間到(dao)(dao)或(huo)是(shi)充電完畢(bi)為準，；

實時顯示活化(hua)動(dong)態過程信(xin)息；

溫度監測(ce)，超(chao)出設(she)定值自動(dong)啟動(dong)風(feng)扇進行散熱；

內阻(zu)測試

可編程(cheng)對單(dan)體(ti)電池進行內(nei)阻測(ce)試，編程(cheng)內(nei)容(rong)包括：電池編號，電池類型選擇，測(ce)試電流。

特點（WBXC-2000蓄電(dian)池活化再生(sheng)能源設計精巧，結構簡單）

1）蓄電池日常維護功能齊全；  

2）體積小方便轉移；

3）溫度監測，超出設定值(zhi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)風(feng)扇進行散熱(re)；

4）三段式充(chong)電，以(yi)確保不會過充(chong)；

5）限壓保護(hu)，保證不會過放或是過充；

6）模塊化(hua)設計，方便維(wei)護；

7）用戶界面好，大屏幕LCD，簡體中文(wen)菜單式操作，人機界面豐富；

工作(zuo)原(yuan)理（WBXC-2000蓄電池活化再(zai)生(sheng)能源設(she)計精(jing)巧，結構(gou)簡單）

活(huo)(huo)化(hua)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和免維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所謂失(shi)效(xiao)和容量(liang)(liang)(liang)衰減(jian)，都直接(jie)表現(xian)為(wei)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)增大、端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高、使用性(xing)(xing)能明顯(xian)下降等。影響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)主(zhu)要(yao)表現(xian)在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)，造成硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個重要(yao)因素：一(yi)是極(ji)(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，二是記(ji)憶效(xiao)應，其中(zhong)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷堆積于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反向，實際(ji)上(shang)表現(xian)為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增大。消除極(ji)(ji)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)方法，是采用負極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)脈沖在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端(duan)瞬間放(fang)(fang)(fang)掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)堆積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反極(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。記(ji)憶效(xiao)應則可(ke)通過(guo)多(duo)次(ci)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來消除。落(luo)后(hou)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)化(hua)是采用模(mo)(mo)糊數學控制(zhi)理論，完全模(mo)(mo)擬蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)(xing)導出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)級充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算法。模(mo)(mo)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果完全再現(xian)每塊(kuai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自身充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)征，達到激(ji)活(huo)(huo)落(luo)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)提升其容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽結晶被離(li)子化(hua)，并作為(wei)一(yi)種活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)材料(liao)不斷地(di)溶解在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)，降低蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)，穩定充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。經過(guo)活(huo)(huo)化(hua)激(ji)活(huo)(huo)后(hou)可(ke)恢復和提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

技術指標

蓄電池活化(hua)儀技術指標如表1：

                                                                                       表1.蓄電(dian)池活化儀技術指標

針對高排放的(de)(de)火力發電(dian)企業(ye)，國網江蘇(su)省電(dian)力有限公司自主研發了碳(tan)排放精(jing)準計量(liang)系統，將(jiang)包括鍋爐、汽輪機、脫硫系統在(zai)內的(de)(de)火力發電(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)2000多個監(jian)(jian)測參數傳輸至計(ji)量系統，實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)測發(fa)電(dian)全過(guo)程排(pai)放煙氣的流速、濕度(du)、二氧化碳濃度(du)等(deng)數據，再通過(guo)關鍵參數的分(fen)析(xi)校驗，精準計(ji)量碳排(pai)放量。

系統建設開發單位是國網江蘇電力(li)所屬江蘇方天電力(li)技術有限公司。“我們(men)的系統數(shu)據(ju)采集精(jing)準到(dao)秒(miao)，對單臺(tai)機組每天(tian)采集的數(shu)據(ju)超過1000萬條，完成(cheng)計算(suan)比(bi)對約50萬次，確保了監測(ce)數據(ju)的實時性(xing)、連(lian)續性(xing)和準確性(xing)。系統具備千臺機組(zu)相關數據(ju)的實時處理(li)能(neng)力。”江蘇方天(tian)電力技術有限公司總經理潘志新介紹。

目(mu)前，江蘇已經對省內8家主要火力(li)發(fa)電企業開展了(le)碳(tan)排放精準(zhun)計量(liang)試點，在(zai)11個發電(dian)機組上安裝了測(ce)量裝置，開展數據對比分析，并以此為基礎構建了適用于多行業(ye)的碳計量實(shi)測(ce)與核算模(mo)型。

“我們計(ji)劃在(zai)2022年年底前把這(zhe)一技術推廣至江蘇省主要的火力發(fa)(fa)電企業(ye)，為發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)碳排放(fang)情(qing)況精準‘畫像’，建(jian)立低碳調度管理體系，推動構建(jian)以新能源為主體的新型電力系統。”

據(ju)悉，除了(le)電力(li)行業，江蘇省還計劃將這一系統(tong)應用(yong)于其他高耗能、高排放(fang)行業，并同步(bu)建設全省碳(tan)排放(fang)大數據(ju)平臺，實現各行業碳(tan)排放(fang)精準計量。

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